A model-based optimal control strategy for ground source heat pump systems with integrated solar photovoltaic thermal collectors
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Operating Characteristics of a Photovoltaic/Thermal Integrated Heat Pump System
Hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) collector, combining photovoltaic cells with a solar thermal collector, can simultaneously convert solar energy into electricity and heat energy. In this paper, a novel photovoltaic/thermal integrated heat pump (PV/T-HP) system was developed, in which the PV/T collector also acted as evaporator of heat pump. Two types of PV/T collectors with conventional coppe...
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Nomenclature Ac collector area (m 2) Cb bond conductance (W/m·K) Cp specific heat (J/K·kg) De external pipe diameter (m) Di internal pipe diameter (m) FR heat removal factor hfi heat transfer coefficient (W/m 2·K) k thermal conductivity (W/m·K) ṁ mass flow rate (kg/sec) Qu useful energy per unit time (W) Ta ambient temperature (°C) Tpm average plate temperature (°C) UL overall heat loss coeffic...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Applied Energy
سال: 2018
ISSN: 0306-2619
DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.07.026